The pitcher edge (peristome) of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) are T-shaped in cross-section, and the T-arms are bent back. The surface is grooved, shiny and often reddish, and the edges are toothed. Between the teeth on the inner rim are large nectaries consisting of several hundred cells. The bend and the downward-pointing teeth help prevent a trapped animal from crawling out of the jug again.